Cambios en el periodismo y su impacto en la autonomía profesional: evidencia del estudio The Worlds of Journalism en siete Países de América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.54.54055Palabras clave:
Latinoamérica, autonomía periodística, periodismo, cambios, libertad de prensa, influencias en el periodismoResumen
Los debates en torno al futuro del periodismo posibilitaron numerosas investigaciones sobre sus cambios en el nuevo contexto hiperdigitalizado. Sin embargo, se desconoce su impacto en la libertad de prensa, específicamente en la autonomía editorial. Con datos del último The Worlds of Journalism Study 2012-2016, este artículo explora la percepción de 2789 periodistas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador y México sobre este fenómeno. Mediante la aplicación de un análisis de covarianza SEM, se identificaron cinco factores de cambio percibidos por estos profesionales: la comunicación digital interactiva, la certificación profesional, las consideraciones formativas o normativas, la importancia social del periodismo y las presiones económicas. Respecto de la forma en la que operan estos cambios, la autonomía aumenta cuando se fortalece la percepción sobre la relevancia social del periodismo y el tiempo para investigar y disminuye cuando aumentan las presiones lucrativas. Los hallazgos reafirman la importancia de no perder de vista los valores o cualidades centrales del periodismo, como la autonomía, la responsabilidad social y el profesionalismo que deben mantenerse en estos tiempos de fuertes cambios mediados por las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones.
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