La lógica mediática contra la deliberación mediada. El caso de los debates presidenciales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.45.1573Palabras clave:
lógica mediática, deliberación mediada, debates presidenciales, análisis de contenidoResumen
Si se desempeñan correctamente, los debates presidenciales pueden considerarse ejercicios de deliberación mediada, con una rica base de conocimiento para el aprendizaje y modelado de la ciudadanía. Con todo, estos pudieran adoptar una lógica mediática en su interior y reproducir los elementos de conflicto, simplificación e incivilidad que pueblan el discurso político contemporáneo. Para constatar dicha colonización, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los debates de la elección mexicana de 2018 (N = 556 unidades), operacionalizando criterios de deliberación. Encontramos que se condujeron con civilidad, priorizando temas de política pública, aunque hubo elementos de simplificación y pobreza argumentativa; si bien esto no los inserta en la lógica mediática, tampoco les permite funcionar como actos de deliberación.
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Echeverría, M. & Chong, B. (2013). Debates presidenciales y calidad de la democracia. Análisis empírico normativo de los debates mexicanos de 2012 (Presidential Debates and the Quality of Democracy. An Empirical Analysis of Standards in the Mexican Debates of 2012). Palabra Clave, 16(2), 341-365. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2013.16.2.3
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Benoit, W. & Klyukovski, A. (2006). A functional analysis of 2004 Ukrainian presidential debates. Argumentation, 20(2), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-006-9007-x
Benoit, W. & Sheafer, T. (2006). Functional theory and political discourse: televised debates in Israel and the United States. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(2), 281-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900608300204
Benoit, W., Stein, K., & Hansen, G. (2005). New York Times Coverage of Presidential Campaigns. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(2), 356-376. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200208
Benoit, W., Webber, D., & Berman, J. (1998). Effects of Presidential Debate Watching and Ideology on Attitudes and Knowledge. Argumentation and Advocacy, 34(4), 163-172.
Chihu, A. (2009). La construcción del antagonista en los debates presidenciales del 2006 en México (The construction of antagonist in 2006 Presidential debates in Mexico). Polis: Investigación y Análisis Sociopolítico y Psicosocial, 5(1), 91-114. Retrieved from https://revistas-colaboracion.juridicas.unam.mx/index.php/polis/issue/view/1027
Chihu, A. (2014). El framing del antagonista en los debates presidenciales: México 2012 (Antagonist's framing in presidentials debates: Mexico 2012). Polis, 10(1), 109-132. Retrieved from https://revistas-colaboracion.juridicas.unam.mx/index.php/polis/issue/view/1037
Cho, J. (2009). Disentangling Media Effects from Debate Effects: The Presentation Mode of Televised Debates and Viewer Decision Making. Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly, 86(2), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900908600208
Choi, Y. S. & Benoit, W. L. (2013). A Functional Analysis of the 2007 and 2012 French Presidential Debates. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 42(3), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2013.827584
Dader, J. L. (1998). Tratado de comunicación política (Political communication treatise). Madrid: Cersa.
Dahl, R. (1992). La democracia y sus críticos (Democracy and its critics). Barcelona: Paidós.
Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1994). Media Events. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Domínguez, R. (2011). La aplicación del análisis textual a los debates político-electorales televisados en México (The application of textual analysis to televised political-electoral debates in Mexico). In N. Pareja & S. Molina (Coords.), La comunicación política en México (Political communication in Mexico) (pp. 87-95). Zamora: Comunicación Social Editores.
Echeverría, M. (2008). Debates presidenciales y democracia en México. Desempeño de los candidatos en los debates presidenciales de 2006 (Presidential debates and democracy in Mexico. Candidates' performance in the 2006 presidential debates). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 50(202), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2008.202.42598
Echeverría, M. (2017). Infoentretenimiento periodístico en la cobertura de las elecciones. El caso de los debates presidenciales (Journalistic infotainment in election coverage. The case of presidential debates). Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 24(74), 113-136. https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v0i74.4384
Echeverría, M. & Chong, B. (2013). Debates presidenciales y calidad de la democracia. Análisis empírico normativo de los debates mexicanos de 2012 (Presidential Debates and the Quality of Democracy. An Empirical Analysis of Standards in the Mexican Debates of 2012). Palabra Clave, 16(2), 341-365. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2013.16.2.3
Esser, F. (2013). Mediatization as a Challenge: Media Logic Versus Political Logic. In H. Kriesi, S. Lavenex, F. Esser, J. Matthes, M. Bühlmann, & D. Boschler, Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization (pp. 155-176). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Esser, F. & Matthes, J. (2013). Mediatization Effects on Political News, Political Actors, Political Decisions, and Political Audiences. In H. Kriesi, S. Lavenex, F. Esser, J. Matthes, M. Bühlmann, & D. Boschler, Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization (pp. 177-201). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Flores Treviño, M. E. & Infante, J. M. (2010). Polifonía y descortesía en el debate político (Polyphony and discourtesy in the political debate). In F. Orletti & L. Mariottini (Eds.), Descortesía en español. Espacios teóricos y metodológicos para su estudio (Discourtesy in Spanish. Theoretical and methodological spaces for study) (pp. 537-552). Rome: Edice.
Gallego, M. (2016). Nuevos formatos de debate para la nueva política española: elecciones generales 2015 y 2016 (New debate formats for the new Spanish policy: 2015 and 2016 general elections). In E. Camarero & J. Rodríguez (Eds.), Estrategias en comunicación y su evolución en los discursos (Communication strategies and their evolution in discourses). Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
Gastil, J. (2008). Political Communication and Deliberation. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Habermas, J. (1999). La inclusión del otro: estudios de teoría política (The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory). Barcelona: Paidós Ibérica.
Hepp, A. (2013). The communicative figurations of mediatized worlds: Mediatization research in times of the ‘mediation of everything’. European Journal of Communication, 28(6), 615-629. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113501148
Hepp, A. & Krotz, F. (2014). Mediatized Worlds — Understanding Everyday Mediatization. In A. Hepp & F. Krotz (Eds.), Mediatized Worlds: Culture and Society in a Media Age (pp. 1-15). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Hjarvard, S. (2016). Mediatización: La lógica mediática de las dinámicas cambiantes de la interacción social (The logics of the media and the mediatization of social interaction). La Trama de la Comunicación, 20(1), 235-252. Retrieved from https://latrama.fcpolit.unr.edu.ar/index.php/trama/article/view/572
INE. (2018). Informe Final. Comisión Temporal encargada de coordinar la realización de debates en la elección presidencial (Final report. Temporary Commission responsible for coordinating the conduct of debates in the presidential election). Mexico: Instituto Nacional Electoral.
Jamieson, K. (1990). Presidential Debates: The Challenge of Creating an Informed Electorate. Cary: Oxford University Press.
Jarman, J. (2005). Political Affiliation and Presidential Debates. A Real-Time Analysis of the Effect of the Arguments Used in the Presidential Debates. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(2), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764205280921
Kanashiro, L. (2014). Debates electorales televisados: el puritanismo político audiovisual peruano (Televised electoral debates: Peruvian audiovisual political puritanism). Paper presented at the XXII Latin American Congress of Communication Researchers, Lima.
Kim, C., Khang, H., & Lee, Y. (2008). Functional analysis of televised political spots and debates in Korean presidential elections, 1992-2007. Korea Observer, 39(2), 235-258. Retrieved from http://koreaobserver.or.kr/html/?pmode=subpage&smode=archive
Kraus, S. & Davis, D. (1981). Political Debates. In D. Nimmo & K. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of Political Communication (pp. 273-296). London: Sage.
López, G., Llorca, G., Valera, L., & Peris, A. (2018). Los debates electorales, ¿el último reducto frente la mediatización? Un estudio de caso de las elecciones generales españolas de 2015 (Electoral Debates. The Last Stronghold Against Mediatization? A Case Study of the 2015). Palabra Clave, 21(3), 772-793. Retrieved from https://palabraclave.unisabana.edu.co/index.php/palabraclave/article/view/7794
Maia, R. C. (2009). Mediated deliberation: The 2005 referendum for banning firearm sales in Brazil. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 14(3), 313-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161209337090
Matsaganis, M. & Weingarten, C. (2001). The 2000 U.S. Presidential Debate Versus the 2000 Greek Prime Minister Debate: A Comparative Analysis. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 2398-2409. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027640121958393
McKinney, M. & Chattopadhyay, S. (2007). Political Engagement Through Debates. Young Citizens’ Reactions to the 2004 Presidential Debates. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(9), 1169-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764207300050
Mercado, A., Hellweg, S., Dozier, D. M., & Hofstetter, C. R. (2003). A Study of Agenda-Setting Theory in Presidential Debates in Mexico´s 2000 Presidential Campaign. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, San Diego, CA.
Morlino, L. (2007). Explicar la calidad democrática: ¿Qué tan relevantes son las tradiciones autoritarias? (Explaining Democratic Quality: How Relevant is the Authoritarian Legacy?). Revista de Ciencia Política, 27(2), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2007000300001
Muñiz, C., Saldierna, A. R., & Marañón, F. (2018). Framing de los procesos electorales: las etapas de la campaña como factor moderador de la presencia de los encuadres políticos en las noticias (Framing of Electoral Processes: The Stages of the Campaign as a Moderator of the Presence of Political Frames in the News). Palabra Clave, 21(3), 740-771. Retrieved from https://palabraclave.unisabana.edu.co/index.php/palabraclave/article/view/7880
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Publicado
2020-07-27
Cómo citar
Echeverría, M. (2020). La lógica mediática contra la deliberación mediada. El caso de los debates presidenciales. Cuadernos.Info, (45), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.45.1573
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TEMAS GENERALES
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
