Efectos conjuntos del contacto imaginado y la similitud con el protagonista de mensajes testimoniales a través de la identificación y el transporte narrativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.45.1584Palabras clave:
persuasión narrativa, mensajes testimoniales, identificación con los personajes, transporte narrativo, similitud con los personajes, contacto intergrupal imaginadoResumen
Mediante dos experimentos realizados en España y Países Bajos se contrastaron los efectos conjuntos del contacto imaginado y la similitud con el protagonista de mensajes narrativos en las actitudes e intención de conducta hacia inmigrantes estigmatizados. Avanzamos el concepto condición de recepción óptima: imaginar una interacción positiva con un inmigrante antes de leer un mensaje testimonial de un inmigrante que se presenta como similar a la audiencia. La condición de recepción óptima indujo mayor identificación y transporte que la condición de referencia, lo que llevó a actitudes más positivas y una mayor intención de contacto intergrupal. Los hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de la investigación sobre persuasión narrativa y reducción del prejuicio.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., & Highberger, L. (1997). Empathy and attitudes: can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.105
Boeijinga, A., Hoeken, H., & Sanders, J. (2017). Risk versus planning health narratives targeting Dutch truck drivers: obtaining impact via different routes? International Journal of Communication, 11, 5007–5026. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6449/2209
Bolkan, S., Goodboy, A. K., & Myers, S. A. (2017). Conditional processes of effective instructor communication and increases in students’ cognitive learning. Communication Education, 66(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2016.1241889
Boyle, M. P. & Schmierbach, M. (2015). Applied communication research methods. New York, NY: Routledge.
Braddock, K. & Dillard, J. P. (2016). Meta-analytic evidence for the persuasive effect of narratives on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015.1128555
Braverman, J. (2008). Testimonials versus informational persuasive messages: the moderating effect of delivery mode and personal involvement. Communication Research, 35(5), 666–694. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321785
Cea D’Ancona, M. A., & Valles, M. S. (2014). Evolución del racismo, la xenofobia y otras formas conexas de intolerancia en España (Informe-Encuesta 2014) (Evolution of racism, xenophobia and other related intolerance in Spain (Report-Survey 2014)). Madrid: Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social.
Chen, M., Bell, R. A., & Taylor, L. D. (2016). Narrator point of view and persuasion in health narratives: the role of protagonist–reader similarity, identification, and self-referencing. Journal of Health Communication, 21(8), 908–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1177147
Chung, A. H. & Slater, M. D. (2013). Reducing stigma and out-group distinctions through perspective-taking in narratives. Journal of Communication, 63(5), 894–911. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12050
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: a theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0403_01
Cohen, J. (2014). Mediated relationships and social life: current research on fandom, parasocial relationships, and identification. In M. B. Oliver & A. A. Raney (Eds.), Media and social life (pp. 142–156). New York, NY: Routledge.
Cohen, J. & Tal-Or, N. (2017). Antecedents of identification: character, text, and audiences. In F. Hakemulder, M. M. Kuijpers, E. S. Tan, K. Bálint, & M. M. Doicaru (Eds.), Narrative absorption (pp. 133-153). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cohen, J., Tal-Or, N., & Mazor-Tregerman, M. (2015). The tempering effect of transportation: Exploring the effects of transportation and identification during exposure to controversial two-sided narratives. Journal of Communication, 65(2), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12144
Cohen, J., Weimann-Saks, D., & Mazor-Tregerman, M. (2018). Does character similarity increase identification and persuasion? Media Psychology, 21(3), 506–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1302344
Crisp, R. J. & Husnu, S. (2011). Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(2), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430210390721
Crisp, R. J. & Turner, R. N. (2009). Can imagined interactions produce positive perceptions? Reducing prejudice through simulated social contact. The American Psychologist, 64(4), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014718
de Graaf, A. (2014). The effectiveness of adaptation of the protagonist in narrative impact: similarity influences health beliefs through self-referencing. Human Communication Research, 40(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12015
de Graaf, A., Hoeken, H., Sanders, J., & Beentjes, J. W. J. (2012). Identification as a mechanism of narrative persuasion. Communication Research, 39(6), 802–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211408594
de Graaf, A., Sanders, J., & Hoeken, H. (2016). Characteristics of narrative interventions and health effects: a review of the content, form, and context of narratives in health-related narrative persuasion research. Review of Communication Research, 4, 88–131. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.2016.04.01.011
De Wit, J. B., Das, E., & Vet, R. (2008). What works best: objective statistics or a personal testimonial? An assessment of the persuasive effects of different types of message evidence on risk perception. Health Psychology, 27(1), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.110
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Anastasio, P. A., Bachman, B. A., & Rust, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model. Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 4(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779343000004
Green, M. C. & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.701
Harwood, J. (2010). The contact space: a novel framework for intergroup contact research. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(2), 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09359520
Harwood, J., Joyce, N., Chen, C.-Y., Paolini, S., Xiang, J., & Rubin, M. (2017). Effects of past and present intergroup communication on perceived fit of an outgroup member and desire for future intergroup contact. Communication Research, 44(4), 530–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214565926
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F. & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67, 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12028
Hoeken, H., Kolthoff, M., & Sanders, J. (2016). Story perspective and character similarity as drivers of identification and narrative persuasion. Human Communication Research, 42(2), 292–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12076
Husnu, S. & Crisp, R. J. (2010). Elaboration enhances the imagined contact effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.014
Husnu, S. & Crisp, R. J. (2015). Perspective-taking mediates the imagined contact effect. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.11.005
Igartua, J. J. (2010). Identification with characters and narrative persuasion through fictional feature films. Communications. The European Journal of Communication Research, 35(4), 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2010.019
Igartua, J. J. & Barrios, I. (2012). Changing real-world beliefs with controversial movies: processes and mechanisms of narrative persuasion. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 514–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01640.x
Igartua, J. J. & Cheng, L. (2009). Moderating effect of group cue while processing news on immigration. Is framing effect a heuristic process? Journal of Communication, 59(4), 726-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01454.x
Igartua, J. J. & Fiuza, D. (2018). Persuading with narratives against gender violence. Effect of similarity with the protagonist on identification and risk-perception. Palabra Clave, 21(2), 499–523. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2018.21.2.10
Igartua, J. J. & Frutos, F. J. (2017). Enhancing attitudes toward stigmatized groups with movies: Mediating and moderating processes of narrative persuasion. International Journal of Communication, 11, 158–177. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5779
Igartua, J. J., Guerrero-Martín, I., Cachón-Ramón, D., & Rodríguez de Dios, I. (2018). Efecto de la similitud con el protagonista de narraciones contra el racismo en las actitudes hacia la inmigración. El rol mediador de la identificación con el protagonista (Effect of Similarity with the Protagonist of Narratives Against Racism in Attitudes Toward Immigration. The Mediating Role of Identification with the Protagonist). Disertaciones. Anuario Electrónico de Estudios de Comunicación Social, 11(1), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/disertaciones/a.5272
Kaufman, G. F. & Libby, L. K. (2012). Changing beliefs and behavior through experience-taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027525
Kim, M. (2019). When similarity strikes back: conditional persuasive effects of character-audience similarity in anti-smoking campaign. Human Communication Research, 45(1), 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqy013
Kim, H. S., Bigman, C. A., Leader, A. E., Lerman, C., & Cappella, J. N. (2012). Narrative health communication and behavior change: the influence of exemplars in the news on intention to quit smoking. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01644.x
Kim, H. K. & Lee, T. K. (2017). Conditional effects of gain–loss-framed narratives among current smokers at different stages of change. Journal of Health Communication, 22(12), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1396629
Kim, H. K. & Shapiro, M. A. (2016). When bad things happen to a protagonist like you: the role of self in resistance to negatively framed health narratives. Journal of Health Communication, 21(12), 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1240268
Kim, M., Shi, R., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Effect of character–audience similarity on the perceived effectiveness of antismoking PSAs via engagement. Health Communication, 31(10), 1193–1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1048421
Kim, N. & Wojcieszak, M. (2018). Intergroup contact through online comments: effects of direct and extended contact on outgroup attitudes. Computers and Human Behavior, 81, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.013
Krogstad, J. M. (2015, September 24). What Americans, Europeans think of immigrants. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org
Lindsay, R. M. & Ehrenberg, A. S. (1993). The design of replicated studies. The American Statistician, 47(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.2307/2684982
Kreuter, M. W., Green, M. C., Cappella, J. N., Slater, M. D., Wise, M. E., Storey, D., … Woolley, S. (2007). Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: a framework to guide research and application. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879904
Meleady, R., Seger, C. R., & Vermue, M. (2017). Examining the role of positive and negative intergroup contact and anti-immigrant prejudice in Brexit. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56(4), 799-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12203
Miles, E. & Crisp, R. J. (2013). A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430213510573
Moyer-Gusé, E. (2008). Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Communication Theory, 18(3), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.00328.x
Moyer-Gusé, E., Chung, A. H., & Jain, P. (2011). Identification with characters and discussion of taboo topics after exposure to an entertainment narrative about sexual health. Journal of Communication, 61(3), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01551.x
Oliver, M. B., Dillard, J. P., Bae, K., & Tamul, D. J. (2012). The effect of narrative news format on empathy for stigmatized groups. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012439020
Park, S.-Y. (2012). Mediated intergroup contact: concept explication, synthesis, and application. Mass Communication and Society, 15(1), 136–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.558804
Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
Reeves, B. & Geiger, S. (1994). Designing experiments that assess psychological responses to media messages. In A. Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media messages (pp. 165-180). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reeves, B., Yeykelis, L., & Cummings, J. J. (2016). The use of media in media psychology. Media Psychology, 19(1), 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1030083
Saleem, M., Yang, G. S., & Ramasubramanian, S. (2016). Reliance on direct and mediated contact and public policies supporting outgroup harm. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 604–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12234
Schreiner, C., Appel, M., Isberner, M. B., & Richter, T. (2018). Argument strength and the persuasiveness of stories. Discourse Processes, 55(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2016.1257406
Shen, L. (2011). The effectiveness of empathy-versus fear-arousing antismoking PSAs. Health Communication, 26(5), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.552480
Shen, L. (2018). Features of empathy–arousing strategic messages. Health Communication, 34(11), 1329-1339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1485078
Slater, M., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). Message variability and heterogeneity: a core challenge for communication research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 39(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2015.11679170
Slater, M. D. & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment-education and elaboration likelihood: understanding the processing of narrative persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00265.x
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tal-Or, N. & Cohen, J. (2010). Understanding audience involvement: conceptualizing and manipulating identification and transportation. Poetics, 38(4), 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.05.004
Tal-Or, N. & Cohen, J. (2016). Unpacking engagement: convergence and divergence in transportation and identification. Annals of the International Communication Association, 40(1), 33–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2015.11735255
Tarrant, M. & Hadert, A. (2010). Empathic experience and attitudes toward stigmatized groups: evidence for attitude generalization. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(7), 1635-1656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00633.x
Tukachinsky, R. (2014). Experimental manipulation of psychological involvement with media. Communication Methods and Measures, 8(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2013.873777
Tukachinsky, R. & Tokunaga, R. S. (2013). The effects of engagement with entertainment. Communication Yearbook, 37(1), 287–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2013.11679153
Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research (Vol. 2) (pp. 77–121). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Turner, R. N., Crisp, R. J., & Lambert, E. (2007). Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10(4), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430207081533
Walter, N. & Cohen, J. (2019). When less is more and more is less: the paradoxical metacognitive effects of counterarguing. Communication Monographs, 86(3), 377–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2019.1580378
Walter, N., Murphy, S. T., Frank, L. B., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2017). Each medium tells a different story: the effect of message channel on narrative persuasion. Communication Research Reports, 34(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2017.1286471
Walter, N., Murphy, S. T., & Gillig, T. K. (2018). To walk a mile in someone else’ s shoes: how narratives can change causal attribution through perceived interactivity. Human Communication Research, 44(1), 31-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcre.12112
Wojcieszak, M. & Azrout, R. (2016). I saw you in the news: mediated and direct intergroup contact improve outgroup attitudes. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 1032–1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12266
Wojcieszak, M., Azrout, R., Boomgaarden, H., Alencar, A. P., & Sheets, P. (2017). Integrating Muslim immigrant minorities: the effects of narrative and statistical messages. Communication Research, 44(4), 582–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215600490
Wojcieszak, M. & Kim, N. (2016). How to improve attitudes toward disliked groups: the effects of narrative versus numerical evidence on political persuasion. Communication Research, 43(6), 785–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215618480
Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 73–90. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1997-04812-006
Boeijinga, A., Hoeken, H., & Sanders, J. (2017). Risk versus planning health narratives targeting Dutch truck drivers: obtaining impact via different routes? International Journal of Communication, 11, 5007–5026. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6449/2209
Bolkan, S., Goodboy, A. K., & Myers, S. A. (2017). Conditional processes of effective instructor communication and increases in students’ cognitive learning. Communication Education, 66(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2016.1241889
Boyle, M. P. & Schmierbach, M. (2015). Applied communication research methods. New York, NY: Routledge.
Braddock, K. & Dillard, J. P. (2016). Meta-analytic evidence for the persuasive effect of narratives on beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015.1128555
Braverman, J. (2008). Testimonials versus informational persuasive messages: the moderating effect of delivery mode and personal involvement. Communication Research, 35(5), 666–694. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321785
Cea D’Ancona, M. A., & Valles, M. S. (2014). Evolución del racismo, la xenofobia y otras formas conexas de intolerancia en España (Informe-Encuesta 2014) (Evolution of racism, xenophobia and other related intolerance in Spain (Report-Survey 2014)). Madrid: Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social.
Chen, M., Bell, R. A., & Taylor, L. D. (2016). Narrator point of view and persuasion in health narratives: the role of protagonist–reader similarity, identification, and self-referencing. Journal of Health Communication, 21(8), 908–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1177147
Chung, A. H. & Slater, M. D. (2013). Reducing stigma and out-group distinctions through perspective-taking in narratives. Journal of Communication, 63(5), 894–911. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12050
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: a theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0403_01
Cohen, J. (2014). Mediated relationships and social life: current research on fandom, parasocial relationships, and identification. In M. B. Oliver & A. A. Raney (Eds.), Media and social life (pp. 142–156). New York, NY: Routledge.
Cohen, J. & Tal-Or, N. (2017). Antecedents of identification: character, text, and audiences. In F. Hakemulder, M. M. Kuijpers, E. S. Tan, K. Bálint, & M. M. Doicaru (Eds.), Narrative absorption (pp. 133-153). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cohen, J., Tal-Or, N., & Mazor-Tregerman, M. (2015). The tempering effect of transportation: Exploring the effects of transportation and identification during exposure to controversial two-sided narratives. Journal of Communication, 65(2), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12144
Cohen, J., Weimann-Saks, D., & Mazor-Tregerman, M. (2018). Does character similarity increase identification and persuasion? Media Psychology, 21(3), 506–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1302344
Crisp, R. J. & Husnu, S. (2011). Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(2), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430210390721
Crisp, R. J. & Turner, R. N. (2009). Can imagined interactions produce positive perceptions? Reducing prejudice through simulated social contact. The American Psychologist, 64(4), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014718
de Graaf, A. (2014). The effectiveness of adaptation of the protagonist in narrative impact: similarity influences health beliefs through self-referencing. Human Communication Research, 40(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12015
de Graaf, A., Hoeken, H., Sanders, J., & Beentjes, J. W. J. (2012). Identification as a mechanism of narrative persuasion. Communication Research, 39(6), 802–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211408594
de Graaf, A., Sanders, J., & Hoeken, H. (2016). Characteristics of narrative interventions and health effects: a review of the content, form, and context of narratives in health-related narrative persuasion research. Review of Communication Research, 4, 88–131. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.2016.04.01.011
De Wit, J. B., Das, E., & Vet, R. (2008). What works best: objective statistics or a personal testimonial? An assessment of the persuasive effects of different types of message evidence on risk perception. Health Psychology, 27(1), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.110
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Anastasio, P. A., Bachman, B. A., & Rust, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model. Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 4(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779343000004
Green, M. C. & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.701
Harwood, J. (2010). The contact space: a novel framework for intergroup contact research. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(2), 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09359520
Harwood, J., Joyce, N., Chen, C.-Y., Paolini, S., Xiang, J., & Rubin, M. (2017). Effects of past and present intergroup communication on perceived fit of an outgroup member and desire for future intergroup contact. Communication Research, 44(4), 530–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214565926
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F. & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67, 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12028
Hoeken, H., Kolthoff, M., & Sanders, J. (2016). Story perspective and character similarity as drivers of identification and narrative persuasion. Human Communication Research, 42(2), 292–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12076
Husnu, S. & Crisp, R. J. (2010). Elaboration enhances the imagined contact effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.014
Husnu, S. & Crisp, R. J. (2015). Perspective-taking mediates the imagined contact effect. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.11.005
Igartua, J. J. (2010). Identification with characters and narrative persuasion through fictional feature films. Communications. The European Journal of Communication Research, 35(4), 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2010.019
Igartua, J. J. & Barrios, I. (2012). Changing real-world beliefs with controversial movies: processes and mechanisms of narrative persuasion. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 514–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01640.x
Igartua, J. J. & Cheng, L. (2009). Moderating effect of group cue while processing news on immigration. Is framing effect a heuristic process? Journal of Communication, 59(4), 726-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01454.x
Igartua, J. J. & Fiuza, D. (2018). Persuading with narratives against gender violence. Effect of similarity with the protagonist on identification and risk-perception. Palabra Clave, 21(2), 499–523. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2018.21.2.10
Igartua, J. J. & Frutos, F. J. (2017). Enhancing attitudes toward stigmatized groups with movies: Mediating and moderating processes of narrative persuasion. International Journal of Communication, 11, 158–177. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5779
Igartua, J. J., Guerrero-Martín, I., Cachón-Ramón, D., & Rodríguez de Dios, I. (2018). Efecto de la similitud con el protagonista de narraciones contra el racismo en las actitudes hacia la inmigración. El rol mediador de la identificación con el protagonista (Effect of Similarity with the Protagonist of Narratives Against Racism in Attitudes Toward Immigration. The Mediating Role of Identification with the Protagonist). Disertaciones. Anuario Electrónico de Estudios de Comunicación Social, 11(1), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/disertaciones/a.5272
Kaufman, G. F. & Libby, L. K. (2012). Changing beliefs and behavior through experience-taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027525
Kim, M. (2019). When similarity strikes back: conditional persuasive effects of character-audience similarity in anti-smoking campaign. Human Communication Research, 45(1), 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqy013
Kim, H. S., Bigman, C. A., Leader, A. E., Lerman, C., & Cappella, J. N. (2012). Narrative health communication and behavior change: the influence of exemplars in the news on intention to quit smoking. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01644.x
Kim, H. K. & Lee, T. K. (2017). Conditional effects of gain–loss-framed narratives among current smokers at different stages of change. Journal of Health Communication, 22(12), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1396629
Kim, H. K. & Shapiro, M. A. (2016). When bad things happen to a protagonist like you: the role of self in resistance to negatively framed health narratives. Journal of Health Communication, 21(12), 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1240268
Kim, M., Shi, R., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Effect of character–audience similarity on the perceived effectiveness of antismoking PSAs via engagement. Health Communication, 31(10), 1193–1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1048421
Kim, N. & Wojcieszak, M. (2018). Intergroup contact through online comments: effects of direct and extended contact on outgroup attitudes. Computers and Human Behavior, 81, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.013
Krogstad, J. M. (2015, September 24). What Americans, Europeans think of immigrants. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org
Lindsay, R. M. & Ehrenberg, A. S. (1993). The design of replicated studies. The American Statistician, 47(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.2307/2684982
Kreuter, M. W., Green, M. C., Cappella, J. N., Slater, M. D., Wise, M. E., Storey, D., … Woolley, S. (2007). Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: a framework to guide research and application. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879904
Meleady, R., Seger, C. R., & Vermue, M. (2017). Examining the role of positive and negative intergroup contact and anti-immigrant prejudice in Brexit. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56(4), 799-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12203
Miles, E. & Crisp, R. J. (2013). A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430213510573
Moyer-Gusé, E. (2008). Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Communication Theory, 18(3), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.00328.x
Moyer-Gusé, E., Chung, A. H., & Jain, P. (2011). Identification with characters and discussion of taboo topics after exposure to an entertainment narrative about sexual health. Journal of Communication, 61(3), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01551.x
Oliver, M. B., Dillard, J. P., Bae, K., & Tamul, D. J. (2012). The effect of narrative news format on empathy for stigmatized groups. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012439020
Park, S.-Y. (2012). Mediated intergroup contact: concept explication, synthesis, and application. Mass Communication and Society, 15(1), 136–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.558804
Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
Reeves, B. & Geiger, S. (1994). Designing experiments that assess psychological responses to media messages. In A. Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media messages (pp. 165-180). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Reeves, B., Yeykelis, L., & Cummings, J. J. (2016). The use of media in media psychology. Media Psychology, 19(1), 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1030083
Saleem, M., Yang, G. S., & Ramasubramanian, S. (2016). Reliance on direct and mediated contact and public policies supporting outgroup harm. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 604–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12234
Schreiner, C., Appel, M., Isberner, M. B., & Richter, T. (2018). Argument strength and the persuasiveness of stories. Discourse Processes, 55(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2016.1257406
Shen, L. (2011). The effectiveness of empathy-versus fear-arousing antismoking PSAs. Health Communication, 26(5), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.552480
Shen, L. (2018). Features of empathy–arousing strategic messages. Health Communication, 34(11), 1329-1339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1485078
Slater, M., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). Message variability and heterogeneity: a core challenge for communication research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 39(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2015.11679170
Slater, M. D. & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment-education and elaboration likelihood: understanding the processing of narrative persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00265.x
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tal-Or, N. & Cohen, J. (2010). Understanding audience involvement: conceptualizing and manipulating identification and transportation. Poetics, 38(4), 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.05.004
Tal-Or, N. & Cohen, J. (2016). Unpacking engagement: convergence and divergence in transportation and identification. Annals of the International Communication Association, 40(1), 33–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2015.11735255
Tarrant, M. & Hadert, A. (2010). Empathic experience and attitudes toward stigmatized groups: evidence for attitude generalization. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(7), 1635-1656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00633.x
Tukachinsky, R. (2014). Experimental manipulation of psychological involvement with media. Communication Methods and Measures, 8(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2013.873777
Tukachinsky, R. & Tokunaga, R. S. (2013). The effects of engagement with entertainment. Communication Yearbook, 37(1), 287–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2013.11679153
Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research (Vol. 2) (pp. 77–121). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Turner, R. N., Crisp, R. J., & Lambert, E. (2007). Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10(4), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430207081533
Walter, N. & Cohen, J. (2019). When less is more and more is less: the paradoxical metacognitive effects of counterarguing. Communication Monographs, 86(3), 377–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2019.1580378
Walter, N., Murphy, S. T., Frank, L. B., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2017). Each medium tells a different story: the effect of message channel on narrative persuasion. Communication Research Reports, 34(2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2017.1286471
Walter, N., Murphy, S. T., & Gillig, T. K. (2018). To walk a mile in someone else’ s shoes: how narratives can change causal attribution through perceived interactivity. Human Communication Research, 44(1), 31-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcre.12112
Wojcieszak, M. & Azrout, R. (2016). I saw you in the news: mediated and direct intergroup contact improve outgroup attitudes. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 1032–1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12266
Wojcieszak, M., Azrout, R., Boomgaarden, H., Alencar, A. P., & Sheets, P. (2017). Integrating Muslim immigrant minorities: the effects of narrative and statistical messages. Communication Research, 44(4), 582–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215600490
Wojcieszak, M. & Kim, N. (2016). How to improve attitudes toward disliked groups: the effects of narrative versus numerical evidence on political persuasion. Communication Research, 43(6), 785–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215618480
Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 73–90. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1997-04812-006
Descargas
Publicado
2019-12-30
Cómo citar
Igartua, J. J., Wojcieszak, M., & Kim, N. (2019). Efectos conjuntos del contacto imaginado y la similitud con el protagonista de mensajes testimoniales a través de la identificación y el transporte narrativo. Cuadernos.Info, (45), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.45.1584
Número
Sección
TEMAS GENERALES
